A history of primary exposure usually involves travel to or work in an ebolaendemic area, such as the democratic republic of congo drc. Ebola was first identified in 1976 near the ebola river in the country now known as the democratic republic of the congo. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and then spreads in the human population through humantohuman transmission. Ebov, is one of six known species within the genus ebolavirus. Elgon yambuku entebbe watsa nzara juba marburg 1999 gulu ebola 200001 marburg 1975 ebola 1994 gabon rep. A person who has ebola but has no symptoms cant spread the disease, either. Ebola virus infection was more widespread in this spillover population than previously recognised 21 vs 11 cases. The socioeconomic impact of the disease has been devastating.
Mar 03, 2020 ebola virus is one of at least 30 known viruses capable of causing viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome. To better understand ebola, this infographic compares it to twelve other infectious. The glycoproteins of ebola virus are thought to play important roles in pathogenesis. Bodily fluids blood, diarrhea, saliva, sweat, vomit, urine, semen, breast milk of someone who is sick with ebola has symptoms or has died from ebola. Fievre hemorra gique a virus ebola fiche technique. Virus ini baru sahaja dikenalpasti dan dianggap sebagai suatu virus penyakit yang amat berbahaya di dunia. Terdapat juga virus yang berbentuk u, b dan berbentuk bundar.
Ebola 19767779 marburg 198087 lake victoria ebola 1976 ebola 1995 dr congo sudan kenya uganda kikwit mt. Congo mekambo ebola 20010203 ebola 199596 ebola 2004 maridi yambio. Meskipun demikian, kebanyakan virus bersifat merugikan terhadap kehidupan manusia, hewan, dan tumbuhan. Gejala ini biasanya diikuti dengan mual, muntah, dan diare, serta menurunnya fungsi liver dan ginjal. Inventive methods are directed to detection and treatment of ebobun infection. Masa inkubasi biasanya dimulai dua hari hingga tiga minggu setelah terjangkit virus, dengan adanya demam, sakit tenggorokan, nyeri otot, dan sakit kepala. As of the end of march 2016, the west africa epidemic of ebola virus disease ebola had resulted in a total of 28,646 cases, 11,323 of them fatal, reported to the world health organization. Introduction to ebola virus disease world health organization.
Ebola virus molecular anatomy 3d animation by lionarts in. These data show the high community coverage achievable by using a noninvasive. Timeline of key events, new cases, and cumulative ebola cases and deaths guinea. Ebola virus ebov, the sole member of the species zaire ebolavirus genus ebolavirus, family filoviridae, order mononegavirales, was identified as the etiological agent. Excluding 2000 outbreak 1,500 cases over 1,000 deaths. Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever viral diseases enivd. Currently circulating strain in west africa zaire ebolavirus ebola.
Human tohuman transmission of ebola virus ebov not been reported, the. In march 2014, the largest ebola outbreak in history exploded across west africa. The description of pathologic anatomy of the marburg virus disease shows many. The ebola virus ebov, a member of the family filoviridae, is an enveloped singlestranded rna virus that causes a severe and frequently fatal disease, ebola virus disease evd, in humans 1. Ebola virus disease evd is one of numerous viral hemorrhagic fevers. In march 1998, the vertebrate virus subcommittee proposed in the international committee on taxonomy of viruses ictv to change the genus filovirus to the family filoviridae with two specific genera. Dalam 50% 90% kes jangkitan, penyakit ini mengakibatkan kematian, bergantung kepada jenis virus ebola punca. This product has been confirmed to be efficacious in guinea pigs, but it is not as useful in rhesus monkeys or the mouse model of ebola virus infection 86, 87. Molecular mechanisms underlying marburg and ebola virus. People can get evd through direct contact with an infected animal bat or nonhuman primate or a sick or dead person infected with ebola virus. Structure of the ebola virus glycoprotein spike within the.
Virus hanya dapat bereplikasi di dalam sel makhluk hidup karena virus tidak memiliki perlengkapan seluler untuk bereproduksi sendiri. Anatomy of a killer understanding sarscov2 and the drugs that. Ebola virus disease aetiology of ebola virus disease ebola virus disease evd is also known as ebola haemorrhagic fever. Ebola disease ebola disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Since the last situation update on june, 9 alerts have been reported and investigated of which two fulfilled the case definition as a suspected.
Ebola virus disease evd is a rare and deadly disease in people and nonhuman primates. Ebola overview ebola, previously known as ebola hemorrhagic fever. Virus ebola mengandung 1 molekul linear single stranded dengan negativesense rna yang hampir mirip dengan paramyxoviridae. Ebola virus disease masalah diagnosis dan tatalaksana. Although agents that cause viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome constitute a geographically diverse group of viruses, all of those identified to date are rna viruses with a lipid envelope, all are considered zoonoses, all damage the microvasculature resulting in. Marburgvirus infections ebola and marburg virus disease, ebola and marburg hemorrhagic fever, african hemorrhagic fever in africa. Sejak itu, wabah penyakit demam berdarah ebola menyebar secara sporadis. The ebola virus genome contains a nonsegmented, singlestranded linear rna molecule of negative polarity. Mar 03, 2020 in patients who have ebola virus infection, 2 types of exposure history are recognized. Vomiting, diarrhoea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. Wellknown agents are ebola, marburg and dengue viruses also see hantavirus and yellow fever guidelines.
Kansas ebola preparedness and response plan version 9. There are five identified ebola virus species, four of which are known to cause disease in humans. In march 2014, an outbreak of ebola virus ebola arose in western africa. Chughtai, helping to solve the primary question of whats next and aiding in. The full viral sequence of the genome based on isolates from previous outbreaks is available online.
Nov 30, 2005 since the first human cases of ebola virus infection were recorded in 1976, much effort has gone into the search for a viral reservoir in wild animals. Dalam temuannva yang dipublikasikan dalam jurnal virology, edisi 15 desember 2002, david sanders berhasil menjinakkan cangkang luar virus ebola sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pembawa gen kepada sel yang sakit paruparu. Its caused by the ebola virus, a filovirus, which means it looks like a piece of thread, or filament, thats. Ebola virus disease evd is an infectious disease that is spread through humans when blood or bodily fluids urine, saliva, sweat, feces, vomit, breast milk, and semen from a person infected with ebola come into direct contact through broken skin or mucous membranes such as eyes, nose, or mouth with another. Unfortunately there has not been a large push in the search for a vaccine as this virus, as deadly as it is. Pdf ebola virus disease, management, and prevention. Kent brantly caught ebola in west africa and was the first american to be treated for it in the u. Ebola virus depend largely on availability and the stage at which the patient presents during the course of infection table 2.
It contains information on the west saharan response to ebola as well as highlights from the field in west africa from dr. On 15 june 2017, no new confirmed or probable cases were reported. Once inside the host cells cytoplasm, the filovirus uncoats itself and releases transcriptase, which is contained in the virion. After surviving the disease, he donated his blood to help two other patients infected with ebola in the u. Agents of ebola virus disease or viral hemorrhagic fever include four main viral families filoviruses, arenaviruses, bunyaviruses, flaviviruses.
Timeline of key events, new cases, and cumulative ebola cases and deaths west africa figure 2. Untitled indonesian journal of clinical pathology and medical. There are five strains, and four of them can make people sick. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches.
On 10 march 2014, a viral hemorrhagic fever vhf outbreak was reported among humans in guinea, west africa. Early transmission and case fatality of ebola virus at the. At the time of writing, this evd outbreak has spread from guinea into liberia, nigeria, senegal. Multiorgan dysfunction occurs in severe forms with a mortality up to 90%.
Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. Evd is a severe contagious disease affecting humans and nonhuman primates. Waste may be generated at the point of origin during activities such as. The disease caused by any of these ebola viruses is called ebola disease. Ebola is caused by infection with a virus of the family. Jul 28, 2014 alarm soared in west africa monday over the deadliest ebola virus outbreak yet, with an american doctor and a missionary contracting the disease in liberia and the death of the first victim from. Henceforward, the disease caused by bundibugyo virus is designated bundibugyo virus disease, by sudan virus as sudan virus disease, and by ebola virus as ebola virus disease. Consequently, the vhf was identified as ebola virus disease evd 1,3,4. The implicated virus is related to zaire ebolavirus, which is the most virulent of the five known ebola virus species. Socioeconomic impact of ebola virus disease in west. Ebola virus disease is a severe viral infection, with a very high mortality rate. Ebola virus, a member of the filoviridae virus family, is still an untamed, highly lethal viral pathogen that represents a nightmare for much of central africa, which is the site of the majority of ebov outbreaks geisbert et al.
Please forward to hospitals, clinics, urgent cares and convenience clinics in your jurisdiction. Ebola virus uncountable any extremely contagious filovirus infection of african origin that causes ebola fever, spread through contact with bodily fluids or secretions of infected persons and by airborne particles, caused by the viruses in genus ebolavirus. The toll of ebola in guinea, liberia, and sierra leone march 1, 2014april 30, 2016 figure 1. There are five ebola subspecies, four of which are known to cause the disease. Virus wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. The viruses that cause evd are located mainly in subsaharan africa. The centers for disease control and prevention cdc and world health organization who produce detailed guidance on ppe. Consequently, in 2010, a group of researchers recommended that the name ebola virus be adopted for a subclassification note 1 within the species zaire ebolavirus and that similar common names be formally adopted for. Ebola outbreak shows the dark side of mother nature. Pdf ebola virus disease has known as ebola hemorrhagic fever ehf is an acute viral. Ebola is also known as ebola virus disease evd or ebola hemorrhagic fever ehf. Ebola is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with an ebola virus. Background context sierra leone is one of three countries in the mano river union to suffer from the worst recorded ebola outbreak since the disease was first diagnosed in 1976 in the democratic republic of congo. Lhote reservoir naturel du virus ebola reste inconnu.
Nevertheless, hightitered hyperimmune horse anti ebola serum has been produced and been found protective in baboons challenged with ebola virus. The largest outbreak to date, due to the ebola virus, occurred in 2016 in west africa, predominantly affecting guinea, sierra leone, and. Over the past 40 years, more than 20 outbreaks have occurred in africa, with most of the known outbreaks occurring in the past 20 years. Basics about the disease congressional research service 1 n march 2014, global health officials recognized an outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in guinea, west africa.
Penyakit virus ebola evd atau demam berdarah ebola ehf ialah penyakit yang menyerang manusia disebabkan oleh virus ebola. The deadly african virus presented by claudia hacker ebola virus introduction first appeared in africa 1976 african hemorrhagic fever. Letter from minnesota department of health commissioner ed ehlinger. After transmission to a new host, the virus enters a cell through a mechanism that has yet to be determined. After entering the body, it kills cells, making some of them explode. Istilah virus biasanya digunakan pada jenis virus yang menginfeksi selsel eukariota. Ebola is not necessarily new and is part of a broader family of viruses. As of november 14, 2014, the world health organization has reported a total of 21,296 ebola virus disease evd. Ebola virus disease evd, or simply ebola, is a viral haemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Four of the six known ebolaviruses, including ebov, cause a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and other mammals, known as ebola virus disease evd. Ebola disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. The first recorded outbreak of ebola virus disease was in 1976 in whats now the democratic republic of the. May 29, 2015 ebola virus ebov belongs to the filoviridae family and is responsible for a severe disease characterized by the sudden onset of fever and malaise accompanied by other nonspecific signs and symptoms. Virus, infection, new treatments adrienne williams uc irvine september 2014 virus anatomy.
It is a severe, often fatal disease 50%90% fatality in humans and nonhuman primates such as monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. The clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ebola virus disease are discussed elsewhere. Ebola virus infection prevention bmj best practice. Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976,who reports 24 outbreaks,28,633 cases and 11,315 deaths in the recent outbreak. Surrounding the nucleocapsid there is a lipid envelope with embedded glycoproteins. We show the first serological evidence of survivors in this population eight anti ebola virus igg seropositive and report a case fatality lower than previously reported 556% vs 100% in adults. National ebola recovery strategy for sierra leone a. Compositions and methods including and related to the ebola bundibugyo virus ebobun are provided.
The epidemiology and pathogenesis of ebola virus disease will be presented here, including knowledge that emerged during and after the west african epidemic of ebola virus disease. The macroeconomic impact of the ebola virus disease 37 3. The virus encodes for a nucleoprotein, a glycoprotein, 7 polypeptides, a polymerase, and 4 other undesignated proteins. Several countries spanning the equatorial forest regions of africa have had outbreaks of ebola hemorrhagic fever over the last three decades. Ebola virus has caused the majority of human deaths from evd, and was the cause of the. The pathogenesis of ebola hemorrhagic fever sciencedirect. The recent deadly outbreak in west africa 202016 was.
News update, august 2017 the ebola outbreak we wrote about back in 2014 finally ended in 2016. Safe handling, treatment, transport and disposal of ebola. Compositions are provided that are operable as immunogens to elicit and immune response or protection from ebobun challenge in a subject such as a primate. Zaire ebolavirus, more commonly known as ebola virus i. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and then spreads in the human population through. Ebola viruses ebovs cause periodic outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic disease 1.
I made this 3d animation for the education of medical professionals working on the ground in liberia, africa, fighting for the lives of people either with, or at risk of contracting the ebola virus. Ebola tissue tropism and pathogenesis the filoviridae journey. In particular, the generic term ebola virus is widely used to refer specifically to members of the species zaire ebolavirus. Ebola overwhelmed the medical capacity of liberia, guinea, sierra leone,4 and the international emergency health response communityultimately prompting the united states to expend more than 2. Without planes, trains and automobiles the virus would never have got. Virus adalah mikroorganisme patogen yang menginfeksi sel makhluk hidup. Consultation on monitored emergency use of unregistered and investigational interventions for ebola virus disease evd a group of independent scientific experts convened by the who for the purpose of evaluating investigational therapeutics for ebola virus disease evd during the current outbreak, 17 may 2018 experts. Since then, there have been more than 0 cases reported with a mortality rate of approximately 70% in clinically confirmed cases. May 16, 2014 the ebola virus explained how your body fights for survival duration. Nov 24, 2014 ebola virus ebov, the sole member of the species zaire ebolavirus genus ebolavirus, family filoviridae, order mononegavirales, was identified as the etiological agent. Penyakit virus ebola evd atau demam berdarah ebola ehf adalah penyakit pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh virus ebola.
Pdf the natural history of ebola virus in africa jean. The famous 1995 movie, outbreak, is a fictional story inspired by the ebola virus. Semua bentuk kehidupan dapat diinfeksi oleh virus, mulai dari hewan, tumbuhan, hingga bakteri dan arkea. The average ebola case fatality rate is around 50%. If infection is suspected, the patient should be put in isolation and all healthcare workers in contact with the patient should wear personal protective equipment. Infectious ebola virions are usually 920 nm in length, 80 nm in diameter, and have a membrane stolen from the host cell by budding. Ebola virus is one of the most virulent pathogens known to infect humans.
In 2014, west african countries guinea, liberia, and sierra leone. August 2016 importance ebolaviruses and marburgviruses are incompletely understood pathogens that. Ebola, also known as ebola virus disease evd, is a viral haemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. May 14, 2018 ebola virus has a unique set of characteristics that determine how and why its spreads, and how deadly it can be. While ebola s ongoing evolution is unlikely to lead to an airborne virus, it is likely to lead to other changes that will affect how we fight this deadly outbreak. This article is an overview of the many published investigations of how ebola virus circulates in its. Ebola virus, formally called zaire ebolavirus, is a rare virus that infects humans and nonhuman animals such as pigs and other primates. In retrospect, officials determined that the outbreak began in december 20, and spread to the adjacent countries of liberia and sierra leone. Safe handling, treatment, transport and disposal of waste that is suspected or known to be. From origins to outbreak covers ebola virus disease in its entirety from its origins through major outbreaks in the past to the present day outbreak. In march 2014, an outbreak of evd was recognized in guinea which would become the most significant outbreak of haemorrhagic fever in africa to date. Distribution of ebola virus disease cases by health zone in equateur province, democratic republic of the congo, 1 july 2018. It can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with.
1267 608 1167 1420 91 1142 371 1407 807 186 1187 1491 1384 286 1358 99 999 156 788 15 1187 346 289 139 96 932 669 297 1263 311 1397 386 701 753 955 928 914 786 716 276