Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. Fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica, as well as hybrids between the two species. Analysis of morphometric criteria with test showed that the differences between the body length, body width and distance between the union of the vitelline glands and posterior end of the body in two species are significant. Fasciola hepatica wikispecies, free species directory. Fasciola hepatica an overview sciencedirect topics. Life cycle was described including the hatching of egg. Fasciola hepatica sheep liver fluke phylum platyhelminthe class trematoda reported cases are mainly form africa. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Fasciola hepatica, in addition to sheep, also infects other vertebrates like goat, deer, horse, dog, ass, ox and occasionally man. Adw doesnt cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Comparative characterization of micrornas from the liver flukes fasciola giganticaand f.
The animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Fascioliasis due to fasciola hepatica and fasciola. The first case of transmission of a fasciola species by a snail not belonging to the lymnaeidae family biomphalaria alexandrina, planorbidae was recently reported in egypt 58. Review open access genetic characterization, species. Its secondary hosts are either planorbis sps, bulinus sps. It infects the livers of various mammals, including humans. It causes damage to the liver tissues producing liver rot in all sheep breeding areas of the world. These are no known positive effects of fasciola gigantica on humans economic importance for humans. The liver fluke fasciola hepatica is a major pathogen of livestock worldwide, causing huge economic losses to agriculture, as well as 2. Yupaporn wattanagoon, danai bunnag, in hunters tropical medicine and emerging infectious disease ninth edition, 20. Fasciola hepatica is a parasitic fluke that lives in the liver. In the present study, we used a proteomicbased approach to identify proteins that are common to adult fasciola hepatica and schistosoma mansoni. Fasciola hepatica fasciola gigantica fasciolopsis buski echinostoma species geographic distribution.
Pdf rapd variation in two trematode species fasciola. It is commonly known as liver fluke and is an endoparasite in the bile duct of sheeps liver. Jun 10, 2011 a few species have been described within the genus fasciola, but only three species, fasciola hepatica, fasciola gigantica and fasciola jacksoni are commonly recognized as taxonomically valid, with f. The life span for each stage of fasciola gigantica varies greatly. Comparative characterization of micrornas from the liver. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Fasciola hepatica is the major species in temperate regions, while f.
Fasciola hepatica has been reported from the columbian blacktailed deer, 0. Sedimentation technique foreyt, 2005 for quantitative. The life cycle, transmission, morphology, clinical presentation, and treatment of the f. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. This is the first demonstration of fasciola infection in hubei province and detection of f. Fasciola hepatica wikispecies wikispecies, free species. It is important to get an idea about the fasciola hepatica life cycle to determine the best treatment option.
Nisbet4, qingyou liu5, muxin chen2, dong hui zhou1, xingquan zhu1,6 1state key laboratory of veterinary etiological biology, key laboratory of veterinary parasitology of gansu province, lanzhou veterinary. Habitata parasite of herbivorous anim als sheep,goat and cattle, living in. In new zealand we are mainly concerned with fasciola hepatica. Analysis of its1 and its2 sequences revealed that f. Molecular identification and seasonal infections of species. They are hermaphroditic and their distinguishing characteristics are shown in the following table.
Among domestic animals, the sheep liver fluke fasciola hepatica may cause debilitating and fatal epidemics liver rot in sheep. Fasciola, commonly known as the liver fluke, is a genus of parasitic trematodes. Both fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica are known to occur in cattle, providing the opportunity for genetic recombination. Humans acquire fasciola after ingestion of aquatic plants, such as fresh watercress, that are contaminated with fasciola metacercaria. Fasciola hepatica, the common liver fluke, is recognized as one of the most important parasitic helminths affecting livestock worldwide. Fasciola, lymnaeids and human fascioliasis, with a global overview on disease transmission, epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, molecular epidemiology and control. The method of random dna amplification by pcr with arbitrary primers rapdpcr was used for the description and estimation of genetic variation in two trematode species, fasciola hepatica n 21 and dicrocoelium dendriticum n 8. Trematodes of the genus fasciola are among the most successful globallydispersed helminths and have a major impact on humans and their livestock. Embryos of fasciola species are able to persist outside the host for several months. Oct 11, 2019 fasciola, lymnaeids and human fascioliasis, with a global overview on disease transmission, epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, molecular epidemiology and control. Molecular and morphological characterization of fasciola spp. Thomas capillaria hepatica is a parasitic nematode which causes hepatic capillariasis in rodents and. Fasciola hepatica the liver fluke fasciola hepatica is a common fluke found in the liver and bile ducts of cattle, sheep, goat, pig, rabbit, dog etc.
Fascioliasis due to fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica infection. Fasciola hepatica the common names are the sheep liver fluke and the common liver fluke. Fascioliasis due to fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica. This parasite reduces the amount of meat that a cow will produce when slaughtered. Fasciola hepatica, also known as the common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke, is a parasitic trematode fluke or flatworm, a type of helminth of the class trematoda, phylum platyhelminthes. Pdf identification of the egyptian species of fasciola.
Fasciolidae, have a serious impact on the farming industry and public health. Research articlesurvey of transcripts expressed by the. A few species have been described within the genus fasciola, but only three species,fasciola hepatica, fasciola giganticaand fasciola jacksoni are commonly recognized as taxonomically valid, withf. This test uses the f2 antigen purified from fasciola extracts. Fasciola hepatica infection affects several animal species and is most often diagnosed in sheep and cattle. Studies on the molecular delineation of the genetic status of 2 genotypes of hybridization. The life cycle is essentially the same for both fasciola species and differs only in the intermediate host snail species 8. Fascioliasis, a food or waterborne trematodiasis due to infection by fasciola hepatica fh or f. With such sobering figures in mind, it is unsurprising that the effective control of liver fluke remains a top priority for farmers and animal health professionals in. Distribution status of hybrid types in large liver flukes. In the absence of commercially available vaccines to control fasciolosis, increasing reports of resistance to current. The current study aimed to find out the morphometric and genotypic divergences of the flukes isolated from different hosts in a newly emerging focus of human fascioliasis in iran.
This size cannot be explained by genome duplication or. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Results of its1 and nad1 sequence analyses showed that 11 of the 17 fascioliasis cases characterized genetically were infections of f. A few species have been described within the genus fasciola, but only three species, fasciola hepatica, fasciola gigantica and fasciola jacksoni are commonly recognized as taxonomically valid, with f. Snail and mammalian hosts for fasciola hepatica in eastern. Genomic dna was extracted from the flukes and pcrrflp was used to. Both species infect the liver tissue of a wide variety of mammals, including humans, in a condition known as fascioliasis. The below mentioned article provides an overview on fasciola hepatica liver fluke. Pdf genetic variability among fasciola hepatica samples. Fasciola parasites live as adult flukes in the bile duct and immature eggs go out through feces and grow in fresh. Fasciola hepatica can affect 46 species of wild and domestic animals as well as humans. Fasciola hepatica, usually termed the temperate fluke, is found worldwide, on every inhabited continent, while, fasciola gigantica, the tropical fluke is found in tropical areas of asia and africa. Lymnaeid mud snails are intermediate hosts and release the infective form, the metacercaria, onto herbage. The trematodes fasciola hepatica also known as the common liver fluke or the sheep liver fluke and fasciola gigantica are large liver flukes f.
These animals become infected by eating metacercariae. Fasciola species introduction fasciola, fasciolopsis and echinostoma species are trematodes which parasitise a variety of vertebrates. The disease caused by the fluke is called fasciolosis or fascioliasis, which is a type of. At the individual worm level, 78 of the 103 fluke sequenced were f. It is known as the common liver fluke and causes a disease called fascioliasis. Hepatic fasciolosis is mainly of economic importance in sheep or cattle, but other species may. The two species of trematodes that cause fascioliasis fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica are leafshaped worms, large enough to be visible to the naked eye adult f. These forms usually have intermediate morphologic characteristics e. Fasciola hepatica sheep liver fluke phylum platyhelminthe class trematoda fasciola gigantica very rarely infects humans.
In this article we will discuss about the structure of liver fluke fasciola hepatica with the help of a diagram. Economically important infections are seen in cattle, sheep, alpacas, and llamas in three forms. It is cosmopolitan and pathogenic and measures about 20 to 50 mm in. Genetic characterization, species differentiation and. Fasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite in the same family as schistosomes and shares crossreactive antigens with schistosomes. Little is known on the identity and genetic variability of fasciola populations in sheep. After being ingested it takes 34 month for adult flukes to become mature and begin producing eggs. Identification of the egyptian species of fasciola. When those molecules are antigenic, they may be used for developing drugs or vaccines that simultaneously target different species or genera of parasite. Adult flukes can live for multiple years in their definitive host.
Fasciolidae are the large liver flukes, which primarily infect ruminants and accidentally humans, and then particularly has the socioeconomic importance as the foodborne zoonotic trematodes. The common names are the sheep liver fluke and the common liver fluke. Fascioliasis is caused by two species of parasitic flatworms or trematodes that mainly affect the liver. Fasciola hepatica is the most common and important liver fluke and has a cosmopolitan distribution in cooler climates. Molecular and morphological characterization of fasciola. The metacercaria excyst in the duodenum and penetrate through the. Molecular identification and seasonal infections of. A collection of 483 samples representing fasciola from six naturally infected host species and 16 localities in spain, previously identified morphologically and genetically as fasciola hepatica, was characterized by a novel genetic marker, namely. The life cycle of fasciola hepatica starts when a female lays eggs in the liver of an infected human. There have been several attempts to describe new species and subspecies of fasciola from material originally classi. Their success can be attributed to many physiological adaptations that allow them to infect and develop within their mammalian host, but chief among these is the elaboration of cysteine peptidases of the papain superfamily. Exploring and expanding the fattyacidbinding protein.
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